Which atmospheric condition contributes to Southern US storm forecasting?

Warm, humid air from the Gulf of Mexico plays a crucial role in storm forecasting for the Southern US because it is a significant contributor to the moisture and energy needed for storm development. This warm, moist air is frequently drawn northward toward areas of lower pressure in the atmosphere, which can lead to the formation of thunderstorms and other weather systems.

When warm, moist air rises, it cools and condenses, forming clouds and precipitation. This process releases latent heat, further energizing the storm system. Thus, the presence of this warm, humid air is often a key indicator of the potential for severe weather, including thunderstorms, hurricanes, and other impactful weather events in the region.

In contrast, the other atmospheric conditions mentioned—such as cold air streams from the North and high-pressure systems over land—can affect the stability of the atmosphere but do not contribute as significantly to the moisture necessary for storm formation as the Gulf air does. Dry air from the West typically would lead to more stable and less active weather patterns, reducing chances for storm development.