What type of fog is created when warm, moist air moves over a cold surface?

Advection fog forms when warm, moist air moves horizontally over a cooler surface, such as colder ocean water or land, leading to the cooling of the air and condensation of moisture. This process typically occurs when warmer, moisture-laden air from a source such as the ocean drifts over a region with a significantly lower temperature, causing the air to lose its capacity to hold water vapor, resulting in fog formation.

In contrast, radiation fog occurs under clear skies at night when the ground loses heat rapidly through radiational cooling, which causes the air nearest the surface to cool and condense. Upslope fog forms when moist air is lifted as it moves up a slope, cooling and condensing as it rises. Evaporation fog, also known as steam fog, occurs when colder air moves over warmer water, causing water vapor to condense and create fog.

The characteristics and conditions that define advection fog are essential for understanding various fog types and their implications in meteorology, particularly regarding visibility and weather patterns.